Private School Headmasters Compensation

Education professionals often earn significantly less than what they could earn in the business world or in other professions. However, there is  a group of leaders of private schools who are actually seeing surges in their salaries that pack quite the financial punch: the Head of School. What are these leaders really making and is it justified? The Head of School's Job Compensation Averages A head-of-school is a job that comes with enormous responsibility. At private schools, these high powered individuals have to run not only a school but also a business. Many people dont like to think of schools as businesses, but the truth is, they are. A Head of School will actually oversee a multi-million dollar business, some schools are billion dollar businesses when you consider endowments and operating budgets, and they are responsible for the well-being of hundreds of children every day. Boarding schools add another level of responsibility when it comes to leadership and oversight of children, as they are essentially open 24/7. The head is involved in not only the aspects of academics and ensuring students receive quality educations, but also hiring and HR, fundraising, marketing, budgeting, investing, crisis management, recruiting, and enrollment. The person who sits in this role must be a part of every aspect of the school.   When you consider the enormous expectations made of these dedicated individuals, most head of schools compensation is far below comparable levels in other fields. How far below? Significantly. The average compensation of the top 500 CEOs is in the millions according to Executive Paywatch. According to NAIS, the average compensation for a head of school is about $201,000, with boarding school heads edging out their peers with about $238,000. However, some schools also have presidents, which at the day school level are making comparable salaries, but are making an average of $330,000 at boarding schools.   But, thats not to say that Heads of Schools are hurting. An interesting note is that many private school heads also tend to receive extensive benefits, such as free housing and meals (even some day schools offer this), school vehicles, housekeeping services, country club memberships, discretionary funds, strong retirement benefits, and even expensive buyout packages should the school not be thrilled with his or her performance. This can easily equate to another $50,000-$200,000 in benefits, depending on the school.   Comparison to Public School College Compensation While many claim heads-of-schools make less than their corporate counterparts, the truth is that many actually  earn more than some  public school superintendents. The average salary without benefits for a superintendent is about $150,000 nationally. But some states, like New York, have superintendent salaries exceeding $400,000. In general, the salaries at Urban Schools tend to be greater for superintendents. Now, college presidents, by contrast, make significantly more than private school headmasters. Reports vary from source to source -- some claiming presidents average about $428,000, while others show the average is more than $525,000 annually with many earning well over $1,000,000 in annual compensation. The top 20 highest-paid presidents all earned over a million dollars annually, even in 2014.   Why Do Head-of-School salaries vary so much? Location significantly affects the salaries of these top-level positions, as does the school environment. Heads of schools, historically referred to as headmasters when the positions were held primarily by men, at junior schools (middle schools and elementary schools) tend to make significantly less than their secondary school counterparts, and boarding school heads tend to make the most due to a large amount of responsibility the school has in providing an appropriate homelife for students from around the world. Schools in small towns tend to offer smaller salaries, although many New England private schools buck that trend, with schools that are centuries old in small towns offering some of the top salaries in the country. A couple of years ago, the Boston Globe came out with a story about the surge of salaries in New England, uncovering several heads with salaries ranging from $450,000 to over a million dollars. Fast forward to 2017, and those heads are making even more, with increases equating to 25% raises in only a few years. School financials also play a role in head-of-school compensation. Naturally, those institutions with higher endowments and annual funds also tend to pay their leaders higher salaries. However, tuition doesnt always indicate the level of a head-of-schools salary. While some schools with high tuitions will indeed offer some of the most competitive compensation packages, those are usually schools that dont rely on tuition to cover the bulk of the operating budget. In general, the more tuition-driven a school in annually, the less likely it is that their head of school will be pulling the biggest dollars.   Compensation Information Sources The Form 990, which non-profit schools file annually, is similar to a tax return. It contains information about headmasters compensation, as well as other high paid employees. Unfortunately, to make sense of figures you have to examine several different pages of the filing. The elements of the compensation packages are complex and are contained under many different expense headings. If the school is a 501(c)(3) not for profit educational institution, it must file a Form 990 with the IRS annually. The Foundation Center and Guidestar are two sites that make these returns available online. Note: the cash salaries are somewhat misleading as most of these key employees receive significant allowances for housing, meals, transportation, travel, and retirement plans apart from their cash salaries. Figure an additional 15-30% for allowances and/or non-cash compensation. The gross amount in many cases exceeds $500,000, with some exceeding $1,000,000 with other compensation factored in. A sampling of head-of-school  and president base salaries ranked from highest to lowest, based on Form 990 submissions from 2014, unless otherwise noted: Episcopal High School, Alexandria, VA $605,610 with $114,487 in est. other compensationMilton Academy, Milton, MA $587,112 with $94,840 in est. other compensationPhillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NH -  $551,143 with $299,463 in est. other compensationPhillips Academy, Andover, MA - $489,000 was reported in 2013, with no head of school compensation listed in 2014Choate Rosemary Hall,  Wallingford, CT $486,215 with $192,907 in est. other compensationHarvard  Westlake School, Studio City, CA - President $483,731 with $107,105 in est. other*Rye Country Day School, Rye, NY - $460,267 (down from $696,891 in 2013)Hackley School, Tarrytown, NY - $456,084 salary and $328,644 in est. other compensationDeerfield Academy, Deerfield, MA - $434,242 with $180,335 in est. other compensationWestern Reserve Academy, Hudson, OH - $322,484 with $128,589 in est. other compensationHarvard  Westlake School, Studio City, CA - Head  $320,540 with $112,395 in est. other*   *Figures from the 2015 Form 990 Some older 990 forms have revealed the following headmaster salaries, from highest to lowest. Well continue to update this information as we obtain it.   Greensboro Day School, Greensboro, NC $304,158The Brearley School, New York, NY $300,000Lancaster Country Day School, Lancaster, PA $299,240Poly Prep Country Day School, Brooklyn, NY $298,656Georgetown Day School, Washington, DC $296,202Culver Academies, Culver, IN $295,000St. Marks School of Texas, Dallas, TX $290,000Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH $287,113Madeira School, Maclean, VA $286,847The Dalton Schools, New York, NY $285,000Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, CT $283,920Punahou School, Honolulu, HI $274,967Far Hills Country Day School, Far Hills, NJ $274,300Groton School, Groton, MA $258,243North Shore Country Day School, Winnetka, IL $250,000Avon Old Farms School, Avon, CT $247,743The Peddie School, Hightstown, NJ $242,314Kent School, Kent, CT $240,000Episcopal Academy, Merion, PA $232,743Cranbrook Schools, Bloomfield Hills, MI $226,600University School of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI $224,400McCallie School, Chattanooga, TN $223,660Middlesex School, Concord, MA $223,000Sidw ell Friends School, Washington, DC $220,189Ransom Everglades School, Miami, FL $220,000The Masters School, Dobbs Ferry, NY $216,028Greenwich Country Day School, Greenwich, CT $210,512Harvey School, Katonah, NY $200,000The Hill School, Pottstown, PA $216,100Taft School, Watertown, CT $216,000Shore Country Day School, Beverly, MA $206,250Miami Country Day School, Miami, FL $200,000Village School, Pacific Palisades, CA $210,000Lake Forest Country Day School, Lake Forest, IL $188,677Hillel School of Metropolitan Detroit, Farmington Hills, MI $156,866Annie Wright School, Tacoma, WA $151,410Foxcroft School, Middleburg, VA $150,000Ravenscroft School, Raleigh, NC $143,700Forman School, Litchfield, CT $142,500 Are Headmasters' Compensation Packages Justifiable? A good headmaster deserves to be well-paid. The head of a private school must be a top-notch fundraiser, a superb public relations person, a fine administrator and a dynamic community leader. How lucky we are to have talented educators and administrators who lead private schools rather than manage a Fortune 100 enterprise. Many of them could make 5 or 10 or even 20 times as much as they currently do. Trustees need to review their key employees compensation packages annually and improve them as much as they can. Its extremely important to attract and retain talented administrators in our private schools. Our childrens future depends on it. Resources:Pay Soars For Headmasters at Mass. Prep SchoolsHeadmasters Salaries On The Rise

The Oni throughout Pop Culture Literature and Art

The Oni throughout Pop Culture Literature and Art: The similarity throughout all folk tales involving the oni is that they are villains of the humans. An Oni is a yokai which is a strange and supernatural being from Japanese folklore. yo means attractive, bewitching, and calamity. Kai means mystery and wonder. It can also be translated to be demon, goblin, spirit, or monster. The folklore of japan is a collaboration of different traditions from the isolated tribes that lived on Japans isles who had different beliefs but could be alligned with the others. The traditions changed form with the arrival of Shinto and Buddhism which brought Chinese and Indian folklore into the mix. Today the yokai can be seen throughout most manga and anime even video games and on clothing. The japanese believe that the oni were created from peoples fear of natural phenomenon such as earthquakes and storms including thunder and lightning. Thunder and and lightning are usually associated with the oni. Oni have either one or several horns, they can have a third eye in the middle of their forehead, they can have a repulsive smile that can spread from ear to ear showing their gnarled teeth, they can have many different colored skin like red or black blue and even yellow. They are usually seen in a loin cloth, oni can are seen as men in most paintings and pop culture but there can be female oni. â€Å"The encyclopedia of shinto published by kokugakuin university distinguishes 3

Software Engineering- Processes & Methods Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. Provide a name and logo for your Organisation. Write 2 paragraphs describing the objectives and vision of the organisation.2. Provide a list of definitions for Keywords related to the Organisation and System. List the Major Stakeholders that might be involved in this Project. 3. Choose two different Potential Users of the Proposed System, and for each user role, Describe the User Profile and give an Example High Level Scenario of how they would use the New System.4.Write a Paragraph titled Scope and Constraints, in which you describe at least 4 high level broad Objectives of the Project. 5.Prepare a detailed, Prioritised list of User Stories describing part of the New System. 6.Sketch a high-level draft Concept of the user Interface for the Component of the System you anticipate being developed in Sprint Cycle 1 described in part 5. Answers: Introduction The report explains background information of the specified project. Definitions of the keywords as well as list of the stakeholders associated with the project are also provided in the present report. In addition, potential users for the proposed system are identified along with major stakeholders involved in the project. Moreover, prioritized list of the user stories and profile as well as high-level concept of user interface for component of the system are presented in the study. 1.Name of the company: Web Solutions Logo of the company: Being employed in Web Solutions, it is required to provide a project brief that will be helpful for the client in order to understand the project and identify the possible outcome that can be resulted at the of the project, which can fulfill their demand. As the client organization has 50,000 visitors in every year, it is difficult to manage them, keep their database and update the system in order to provide modern facilities (Sudha et al. 2016). In addition, the organization is looking to develop their income through selling tickets as well as accommodation online. There is nearly 20 % of total number of visitors like to come from overseas. Along with these, no bank details are presently stored in the office. Therefore, it is required to provide new system that can allow the visitors to register for a membership. The proposed system would assist to facilitate online tickets as well as accommodation along with special deals to the customers. Moreover, the new system allows the visitors to get membership status (Bronner, 2016). On the other hand, returning visitor can be defined as the person visited the site already in past 12 months. In this perspective, it is required to have login system that helps the users to buy tickets through online. In addition, the business would prefer to enable the customers to pay through online and help the customers to avail the service easily (Nagadapally et al. 2015). In this aspect, it is required to include secured payment system in the new proposed system and allow the customers to save their payment details securely. It assists to make the process easier for future purchasers. Moreover, it is important to provide on-site accommodation, which is required by the customers. In this aspect, the accommodation manager has indicted to provide foully electronic room booking system (Neelamegam Murugan, 2016). There will be also facilities to contact with the accommodation manager through pho ne in order to finalize the arrangements for accommodation arrangements. Thus, it is required to have calling facilities in the proposed system that can be helpful to contact with the accommodation manager. Inclusion of all these functionalities would be helpful to accommodation and improve the entire system. 2.In the present study, several keywords are used such as potential users, sprint cycle, user interface and SCRUM. Potential users are those who are the end users of the system. The users can avail their facilities and contribute to provide feedbacks towards the system. There are generally common people and persons associate with the client organization are potential users of the project. On the other hand, SCRUM is an incremental as well as iterative agile framework for software development that is used to manage development of the project. It is flexible and holistic strategy for product development where team works within the strategy. In addition, it is the unit in order to reach the common goal of the project (Kucukusta et al. 2015). There are traditional as well as sequential approaches for development of the products that can be applied in the present project. The key principle of Scrum is to recognize development of the products and changing minds of the customers for meeting their needs at the time of development. The unpredicted challenges cannot be addressed easily with traditional manner. Scrum has two to four week Sprint cycle in the team that delivers work and driving towards the potentiality, which is shippable in the organization (Abdullah Kadhim, 2016). It is also important to consider the shippable challenges for Scrum, a project management framework. However, there are some overlaps between Scrum and XP. The practices can be generally implemented through making practices that is considered as mandatory for making sustainable pace, collective code ownership, development of test-driven a and constant integration. In the present case, potential stakeholders can be identified as end users, investor and shareholders. Mohapatra (2013) commented that end users have an important role to select the potential users involved in the project. They contribute with the proposed new system through booing online tickets and avail on-site recommendation that would be helpful for the organization to increase their profit. In addition, one of the potential stakeholders involved in the project is investor for the new system. In the present case, the client organization invests money in order to grow their business and increase profit. However, the stakeholders involve in the project are advertisers on the particular sites. 3.One of the potential users of the new system is the customers. Lee (2015) stated that visiting the portals would increase the trafficking of the audience for the organization. As a matter of specification, logging into through a user ID and password helps the personnel of the organization to maintain the privacy of the customers. Provision of hanging password averts the situation of hackers intervening into the personal records of the customers. Apart from this, logging into through the individual ID and password directly onsets the customers to the company websites, from where they an make online bookings. This facility proves beneficial for the customers, as they do not have to stand in long queues for booking tickets. User ID and password takes the customers to the exclusive offers, discounts and schemes, which makes their vacation a memorable one. For this, registration through membership is an essential consideration (Norrid, 2016). This registration helps the management of the organization to keep track of their customers and their personal details. Utilization of templates for this purpose safeguards the security of the personal data and belongings of the customers. This contradicts the paper based system, which if lost might bring losses for the organization. Regular surfing of the website makes the organizational personnel aware of the customer approaches towards the delivered services. This step brings efficiency in the services of the organization. Along with this, it enhances the stability in the relationship between the customers and the organizations, which is necessary for achievement of large sale customer satisfaction. Adoption of proper communication channel, such as social media, onsets the organization with the customers on an internal perspective (Pandey, Vashisht Sharma, 2015). The provision of financial details within registration mitigates the instances of illegal activities; which might deceive the customers of their personal data and belongings. Tagging of the visitors as new and running is an additional assistance for the organizational personnel towards maintenance of the internal and external stakeholders. 4.Effective adherence to the IT legislations would help the organizational personnel t maintain the safety and security of the personal details and belongings of the customers. Along with this, compliance to the standards and norms of the regulatory framework would result in the utilization of the communication channels for providing prospective services to the customers. Vyas (2014) stated that arraying out market research would make the organizational personnel aware of the software, which directly onsets the customers to the services offered by the organization. Onsite testing would help the personnel to detect any virus or hacker intervention that might at as an obstacle for the customers in online booking or searching for online accommodation (Kharwade et al. 2014). This step would reserve the quality of the services. Onsite installation of the technologically advanced software in the personal computers and laptops of the customers would establish direct connection with the organization. This connection would bring technological advancement for the organization. On the other hand, exclusion of data migration from the objectives would add to the personal sentiments of the customers. Exposure of negligence in this direction would bring compel the organization to bear with the questions of the customers regarding derives and false promises. This would, in turn, adversely affect their purchasing power and decision, for which the personnel have to take pains to restore (Gautama et al. 2014). Hiring experts for the detection of virus within the parts of the software helps the personnel to ensure its smooth functioning. Ensuring the financial flexibility before searching for technologically advanced software contradicts the intensity of the term constraints (Xu et al. 2016). Joint ventures with the stakeholders and shareholders and discovering financial instability is a shame for the organization in terms of achieving customer satisfaction. Emerging useful in overcoming the constraints would be an innovative concept for the organization. Along with this, it would enhance the reputational status of the organization among the customers, one of the key stakeholders. Smooth flow of the urgent helps the customers to get an uninterrupted eases to the organizational websites, which aligns with their ease of online booking and onsite accommodation. 5.The requirements of proposed system are to avail the online system for ticket booking and on-site accommodation. It is required a way that helps to allocate resources for the online ticket booking system. In the present case study, the user stories are explaining the part of proposed system. This provides the needs of unique REQUIRMENT ID. The users of online booking system need to register in the system at first. After that, they would ask to provide the system that can allow the users to access their profile with security. The new system likes to have advanced functionalities that offer secured login facilities to the users (Chen et al. 2016). Moreover, it is important for the system to store the database system that is capable to store the data of the customers. REQUIREMNT ID of the users would be unique numbers and letters. It presents a clear format with ID of the users. The functional users have an important role in the present case that helps to identify the key stakeholders and target audience of the proposed system. The functionality of the system would serve purposes of different persons. The end users would access the system with their unique ID and password. The client organization has an important role to control the process and access credentials of the users. Moreover, the server site application would be controlled by the Web Solution. However, advertisers and third party security provider for payment system are also associated with the system. 6.The proposed system of online booking and payment system has friendly user interface that can provide several combinations of search criteria that can be helpful to the users to aces several options like registration, sign in, online booking and availing onsite accommodations. Generating the corresponded database of search statements is provided through the interfaces of the system. On the user interface of the proposed system, new users are asked to provide their personal details step by step and login after authenticating through email ID or mobile phone verification method (Chen et al. 2016). After completion of the process, the users can avail and choose onsite accommodation and book tickets. In addition, the users can pay through online system with the support of third party security providers. After completing the booking, the users can sign out from the system. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that a proposed system need to meet the demands of end users as well as assist the organization to generate their revenue. Scope and constraints are explained with high level broad objectives of the project that would be helpful to achieve target of the organization. In this aspect, the organization or provider of the system require to make a proper plan, which can be helpful to meet objectives of the organization. It is also important to provide user-friendly interface that can assist the organization to access the functionalities and gain advantages for the organization. References Abdullah, M. N., Kadhim, E. H. (2016). Airline Mobile Reservation Development.development,3(10). Bronner, J. S. (2016).U.S. Patent Application No. 15/183,684. Chen, B. C., Yeh, H. T., Yu, T. H. (2016). The Construction of Integrated Online Ticketing Systems.1 (3), 551-558. Gautama, I., Ongowarsito, H., Aryanto, R., Andrew, E. (2014, May). Optimizing sales using mobile sales ticketing application. InTechnology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2014 International Symposium on(pp. 6-13). IEEE. Kharwade, P., Gujarkar, I., Holey, S., Datey, V., Sharma, V., Gupta, V. (2014). Smartphone Application for Railway Ticket Reservation and Validation Using Mobile Network. Kucukusta, D., Law, R., Besbes, A., Legohrel, P. (2015). Re-examining perceived usefulness and ease of use in online booking: The case of Hong Kong online users.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(2), 185-198. Lee, M. C. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/811,819. Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Nagadapally, A. S. R., Krishnaswamy, B. B., Shettap, C. A. R., Prathika, D. D., Lee, E. R. (2015, January). A Step Ahead To Connect Your Bus-With GPS. InProceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP)(p. 171). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp). Neelamegam, R., Murugan, P. (2016). A Study on Passengers' Problems in Online Ticket Booking in Indian Railways with reference to Virudhunagar Junction, Madurai Division.TSM Business Review,4(1), 35. Norrid, J. A. (2016).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/986,761. Pandey, D. K., Vashisht, A., Sharma, A. (2015). An empirical study of customer confidence after big billion day sale 2014.South Asian Journal of Marketing Management Research,5(4), 97-105. Stephens, S. P., Tucker, P. C., Boruff, K. J., Zurliene, C. M. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,862,487. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Sudha, L., Salian, S., Roy, N., Sarma, N. (2016). Online Ticket Booking System for Mumbai Local Trains.International Journal of Computer Applications,135(8), 19-22. Vyas, P. (2014). The Growth of Online Bus Ticketing Industry: Redbus Route to Success in the Indian Market. Xu, J., Li, Z., Chi, H., Wang, M., Guan, C., Reiff-Marganiec, S., Shen, H. (2016, June). Optimized Composite Service Transactions through Execution Results Prediction. InWeb Services (ICWS), 2016 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 690-693). IEEE.

Last Night I dreamed of Peace

Introduction Dang Thuy Tram Last Night I Dreamed of Peace is a captivating informative chef-d’oeuvre demonstrating the author’s love for his country based on the sorrowful situation that the country undergoing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Last Night I dreamed of Peace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As young as 23 years, she associates with the communists party in her quest of ensuring that people of Vietnam do not go through what they goes through (National Library Board Para. 3). The American soldiers’ inhumanity and killings of the Vietnam citizens leaves her disturbed and therefore puts on spirited heart of ensuring that the people are liberated, a decision purely founded on her love for her people. Love and Idealism Dr. Dang makes the decision to go to the South Vietnam because of her love and youthful idealism she has for her kindred. Despite the deadly circumstances and appalling conditions that her patients undergo, she opts to make the dreadful decision. She is a young and youthful woman who in spite of the deadly conditions vows or is ready to sacrifice her own life to secure the lives of the patients who have faced attacks and injuries from the America soldiers and the soldiers themselves. Her idealistic nature also plays a vital role in her decision to move to the South Vietnam. She is determined to see her country in peace despite her age. She aligns herself with the communists’ party. She joins the ideology of the party just to ensure that their values and their rights as citizens of the Vietnam remain respected rather than being infringed on by other people. She condemns the killings and shootings of Vietnam locals on streets by the American soldiers. It proves a very difficult and trying time especially when the war rages on, kills, and destroys people without valid reasons. Therefore, Dr Dang makes the choice of moving to South Vietnam to ex tend her hand in saving the lives of those injured. The courageous decision surrounded by much risk to her own life seems further founded on the sense of shared humanity. Sense of Shared Humanity She also makes her decision to move to South Vietnam because of her spirited heart of humanity and love and long for an end of the war and the sufferings and pains subjected to the citizens of Vietnam. Since she is a physician, she offers herself to assist the people who are shot and who fall victims in the course of the war (Dang 47). She succumbs to her death in the course of her service to the people of Vietnam.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This therefore demonstrates her sense of shared humanity in saving the lives of others while placing her own in danger. Her compassion and urge or wish to see the war end also makes her risk her own life to go to the South Vietnam. She wishes that th e war and the fighting in South Vietnam ended allowing the people to have their peace and unity. For instance, in the diary, she expresses her intimacy and love showing how she misses her mother and lover whom she refers to â€Å"M†. She yearns for the time that she will go back home and meet her mother who is in the Northern Vietnam (Guthrie 105). This therefore shows how the Doctor is concerned and optimistic that finally the war and the shootings will end. Tram in the Current Vietnam Though dead, Tram speaks volumes and volumes through the marks she left to the people of Vietnam. She has contributed significantly towards the making of the country’s history, as it stands today. It seems quite unfortunate that she succumbed to death at that tender age. If she were alive to date, she would automatically qualify as one amongst the liberators and the heroes of Vietnam history, who assertively sacrificed not only their time, money, relationships, but also their own self s olely to cultivate freedom to the Vietnamese citizen. Dr. Tram stands out as a liberator who from the evidence of her diary and documentations, shows that she had a vision and a great concern to her country. She, although at a younger age, associates herself with politics by becoming a party of the communists. She is a woman who puts her country in front by sacrificing her own life. She knows the dangers that will beget her by making a decision to go the South Vietnam to provide humanitarian assistance to the soldiers who are shot and injured in the course of the war knowing very well the dangers that faced her. She, despite of the dangers, travels to the South Vietnam. Furthermore, she is worth acknowledging based on her thought and wish for an end of the inhumanity and brutalities that people of the Vietnam were going through. It proves rather sad as Tram expresses her sympathy and concerns by noting that the people of Vietnam remain subjected to invalid pains and sufferings despi te their innocence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Last Night I dreamed of Peace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Dr. Tram passes for a hero and if she could be alive, she could have gone on the record for understanding and having the courage to liberate the people of Vietnam from the unnecessary pains and killings (Guthrie 106). She refers the Americans people to as merciless and thirsty of other people’s blood, descriptions that she notes bitterly and with sorrow. It therefore sounds unfortunate that the people of Vietnam went through the pain that they went through. Therefore, in no doubt, Dr. Tram stands out as a true hero, whose tireless work stands remembered and appreciated by the Vietnamese who enjoys the freedom of today acknowledging the cost attached therein: It cost the lives of protagonists for instance Dr. Tram. Conclusion Based on the expositions made in the paper, it suffices t o declare it a rather touching experience, for Dr. Tram, a young woman, to take such a serious life-threatening decision for the sake of liberating the people of Vietnam. It brings to light the sorrows, pains and sufferings faced by people who seek to achieve a certain risky objective for instance fighting for freedom, as the case stands for Dr. Tram. Therefore, Last Night I Dreamed of Peace comes in as a rather fascinating masterwork, heavy-laden with touching message that reveals the need to have a shared sense of humanity by avoiding wars based on the agony and pain that come as a result. Works Cited Dang, Tram. Last Night I Dream of Peace. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2007. Guthrie, John. Last Night I Dream of Peace by Dang Thuy Tram. Web California Literary Review, 13 Aug. 2007. Web. National Library Board. Last Night I Dream of Peace: The Diary of Dang Thuy Tram,  2008. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Last Night I dreamed of Peace was written and submitted by user Harmony W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Meaning of Nani in Japanese

The Meaning of 'Nani' in Japanese The word nani  Ã¤ ½â€¢ (㠁 ªÃ£  «) in Japanese means what. And depending on the situation, you might, instead, use  nan (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œ). Which term you use depends on the context, in particular, whether you are speaking or writing formally or informally. The sentences below are listed first in a transliteration of the Japanese phrase or sentence, followed by the spelling in Japanese characters- using  kanji,  hiragana, or  katakana  as appropriate- followed by the translation in English. Where indicated, click on the link to bring up a sound file and hear how to correctly pronounce the word or sentence in Japanese. Using Nani or Nan in a Sentence Nani is the more formal and polite term to use when asking a question, as in: Nani  wo  suru  tsumori  desu ka? (㠁 ªÃ£  « ã‚’ 㠁™ã‚‹ 㠁 ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šÅ  㠁 §Ã£ â„¢ 㠁‹)   What do you intend to do? or What are you planning to do? In more casual situations it would  be  fine to use nan. As a general rule,  if the word following what begins with a syllable from the t, n, and d groups, use nan, as in: Nandeshou? (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†) What do you want? More on Using Nan vs. Nani Nan is used before  particles.  A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, phrase, or clause  to the rest of the sentence.  Particles are added to the end of sentences to  express the speaker  or writers  emotions, such as doubt, emphasis, caution, hesitation, wonder, or admiration. You might use  nan   with a phrase such as /㠁 ®, /㠁 § (which means of the and is pronounced no de)  and verb da/desu (打㠁 §Ã£ â„¢ ), meaning it is hitting or it is striking. Nani is used before: /㠁‹ (meaning or and pronounced as ka)  and /㠁 « (meaning into a and pronounced as ni). Be careful when you use nan because, for example, if you use  nan  before ka  (/㠁‹), which means or, it would sound like the word nanka  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€¹), which means things like. Another example would be if you were to use  nan with  ni (/㠁 «), it would be nanni  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  «), meaning why, but this sounds very much like nannimo  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  «Ã£â€šâ€š), which translates as nothing at all. Using Nani or Nan in Context You might use  nani  or  nan  in a restaurant. Depending on whether you are at a formal business luncheon or a casual eatery, you might use either of these terms. For example, at fast food eatery you might say: Osusume wa nan desu ka.  (㠁Šå‹ §Ã£â€š Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹) What do you recommend?Are wa nan desu ka. (㠁‚ã‚Å'㠁 ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š) What is that?   If you are at a more formal eatery, but you dont know what to order, you might ask a fellow diner: Nani ga oishii desu ka. (ä ½â€¢Ã£ Å'㠁Šã â€žÃ£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š) What is good? If you are traveling on a train and need to ask for help from a stranger or train conductor, that would be considered a more formal situation in Japan. Thus, you would use  nani  and might say: Tsugi  wa  nani  eki  desu ka.  (æ ¬ ¡Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã© §â€¦Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š) What is the next station? However, if you are traveling with a friend, you might use   the informal  nan, as in: Nan-ji  ni  demasu  ka.  (ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£  «Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š)   What time does it leave?

Why Some Red Japanese Maples Have Green Leaves

Why Some Red Japanese Maples Have Green Leaves Japanese maples (Acer palmatum) are a small ornamental tree much prized in the landscape. Several cultivars have been developed based on  native species, and the  ones used in landscaping are  chosen for their distinctive colors- bright green, dark  red, or reddish  purple. Red Trees That Turn Green It can come as something of a shock, then, when a tree we picked because of its color begins to change to another color over time. Japanese maples are one such tree in which this frequently happens. Usually, it is a red or purple cultivar that gradually begins  to transform into a green tree, and this can be disappointing if youve selected the tree specifically because of its color.   The Biology of Color Change in Japanese Maples To understand how a trees color can shift, you need to understand how horticulturists obtain those unusual colors in the first place. All true Japanese maples are variants of the sturdy green  Acer palmatum. If you happen to have one of these pure species types, theres almost no chance that your tree will change colors. To produce tree  cultivars with unusual  colors, horticulturists may begin with the original species root-stock, then graft on branches with different characteristics. (There are other ways in which tree cultivars can be created, but this is a common technique used for Japanese maples.)   Many tree cultivars  originally start as a genetic accident or an aberration that appeared on an otherwise normal tree.  If that aberration  was appealing, horticulturists  may then seek to propagate that mistake and create a whole line of trees that duplicate that unusual characteristic. Many trees with variegated  leaves or unique leaf colors or unusual fruits began their lives as sports, or genetic mistakes that were then deliberately cultivated through different methods, including grafting new branches onto hardy rootstocks. In the case of red or purple Japanese maples, branches from trees with desired colors are grafted onto hardier rootstocks that are more durable in the landscape.   On a  Japanese maple, harsh weather or other factors sometimes kill off the grafted branches, which are usually attached to the rootstock near ground level. When this happens, the new branches that sprout (sucker) up from the ground will have the genetic makeup of the original rootstock- which will be green, rather than red or purple. Or,  its possible that new branches may sucker up from below the graft in addition to the red-leaved branches that are grafted onto the tree. In this case, you may suddenly find yourself with a tree that has both green- and red-leaved branches.   How to Correct or Prevent the Problem You may be able to catch the problem before it becomes severe if you periodically inspect the tree and pinch off any small branches that appear below the graft line on the tree. This may result in a tree thats somewhat asymmetrical for a time, but steady work getting rid of the green branches sprouting from below the graft line will eventually return the tree to its desired color. Japanese maples, though, do not tolerate heavy pruning, and because this is a slow-growing tree, it takes patience over time to allow the tree to form a natural shape.   Should your tree lose all its grafted branches- as sometimes happens when Japanese maples are planted in the northern limits of their hardiness zone range- your tree cannot be returned to its red color. All branches that sucker up from below the graft will be green in color. You can either learn to love the green Japanese maple or replace the tree.

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Statement Example Family background influences the career choice of one, especially in traditional societies like China. For example, a doctor’s children tend to study medicine; a bureaucrat’s children opt for civil service qualifications; a carpenter’s son learns carpentry from childhood, and so on. My father runs a factory-supported business enterprise, and it was but natural for me to pursue education and training courses, which would help me in future to participate in managing the family business. Quite honestly, I am as much responsible for this decision as my parents have been, since that is how it is in my country – the elders exert considerable influence in matters of education. Fortunately, my own positive inclination towards economics as the major subject sealed the issue. Our factory in China employing nearly 600 persons produces a wide variety of stainless steel cookware items. This is a fairly large business and it inevitably creeps into our everyday Shen 2 li ves, all the time. Family discussions or little talks around the dining table or even while on holidays always end up in business matters, and I was thus exposed to the affairs of our business since childhood. This has kindled an interest in me – first in general factory affairs, and later as I grew up, in the nitty-gritty of running a profitable business venture. I was often to be seen at my father’s office and factory, observing at firsthand how he handled his routine work, how he interacted with his staff and workers, and how he dealt with his clients. It is an invaluable experience for me to become aware of the practical world of business, and for my father’s staff and workmen to recognize me as one among them. This was my informal internship and background to my choosing economics as the academic option. Since completing high school studies, I have been attending working in my father’s office and factory more formally. I do this even now, whenever, I travel home on vacation. I have been assigned work in different departments, under the guidance of senior staff. I have worked in the factory assisting the manager and learning the production processes, staff deployment, order processing and dispatches; in office duties, I have done document preparation and presentation, raising bills and follow up for collecting payments; in the human resource department, I have come to know of staff management, salary administration and training; in the finance department, I was exposed to the different aspects of the relationship between a business and the banks like capital investments, working capital and stock/bills hypothecation, cash flow issues etc. All in all, I should say that I have just begun to appreciate the intricacies of business management and felt the need for a proper professional qualification for a fuller understanding of the processes, especially relating to the economics and financing of a running business. As a first step i n this direction, I have selected the subjects of macro and micro-economics, statistics, Shen 3 social sciences and business for my major at the SBCC. I have begun to enjoy solving problems in the economics subject. After completing my graduation/post-graduation in University of California, I wish to return to China and play an important role in the development of our enterprise. 2. What character or attitude